Wellhead & X-tree
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A wellhead is a piece of equipment at the top of an oil or gas well that regulates pressure, prevents leaks, and controls the extraction of hydrocarbons: 

A wellhead is made up of several components, including:

• Pressure gauges: Part of the wellhead 

• Stuffing boxes: Part of the wellhead 

• Casing head: Part of the wellhead 

• Tubing head: Part of the wellhead 

• Christmas tree: A valve assembly that controls the flow of fluids from the well 

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The wellhead is present during all phases of a well's life, including drilling, completion, and production. It's installed as part of the well's completion process, along with drilling. 

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The term "Christmas tree" is often used interchangeably with "wellhead" in the oil and gas industry. However, a wellhead and a Christmas tree are actually separate pieces of equipment. The Christmas tree is attached to the wellhead after drilling is complete, and its primary purpose is to control the flow of resources into and out of the well during production.

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Pumping Unit (Pumpjack)
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A pumping unit is a mechanical device that extracts oil and gas from a well in the oil and gas industry: 

• Uses

  Used at every stage of oil and gas production, from extraction to transportation 

• Design

  Engineers design pumping units based on reservoir fluid composition, wellbore fluid depth, and reservoir productivity 

• Function

  Converts the rotary motion of a gear reducer into reciprocating motion to operate a downhole pump 

• Types

  Includes beam pumping units, hydraulic pumping units, and rod pumping units 

• Parts

  Typically includes a walking beam, crank arm, pitman, and gearbox 

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Here are some types of pumping units used in the oil and gas industry:

• Beam pumping units

  Also known as kowtow units, these units use a floating beam and crank weights to convert motor drive into up-and-down motion. 

• Hydraulic pumping units

  These units can handle multiphase fluids, abrasive solids, and small liner IDs. They can also reduce cyclic stress and minimize rod stretch impact. 

• Reverse Mark pumping units

  These units have an off-set reducer that creates an up stroke of 196 degrees of crank rotation. They usually reduce the required torque compared to a conventional unit.

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