Crude Oil | royalres.ae

Azeri Light Crude Oil

Azeri Light is produced offshore Azerbaijan in the Caspian Sea from the Chirag and Central Azeri fields. West Azeri began producing in early 2006, East Azeri in 2007, and Deepwater Guneshli in 2008. Production reached 1MBD in 2010. Cargoes are available ex Supsa and Batumi; the Batumi export route commenced June 2005. Crude exported from Batumi is of same quality as that from Supsa.

Density @ 15°C (g/cc) 0.8463 ( API Gravity 35.6)
Total Sulfur (% wt) 0.18
Pour Point (°C) -20
Viscosity @ 20°C (cSt) 9.3
Viscosity @ 40°C (cSt) 5.3
Nickel (ppm) 3.1
Vanadium (ppm) 0.9
Total Nitrogen (ppm) 1057
Total Acid Number (mgKOH/g) 0.48
Mercaptan Sulfur (ppm) 6.5
Hydrogen Sulfide (ppm) 0.0
Reid Vapor Pressure (kPa) 35.1

Supsa Terminal

Located on the Black Sea coast of Georgia, the terminal has a CALM buoy which can accommodate up to 150,000 dwt vessels.

Batumi Terminal

The terminal is located on the Black Sea coast of Georgia, and crude is typically loaded at the CBM. Standard size cargo is 80,000 MT, but has flexibility of smaller or larger cargoes, subject to terminal agreement. Smaller crude vessels can be loaded at the three other berths in the port complex.

Arabia Crude Oil

Saudi Arabia began producing commercial quantities of crude oil in 1938. Since then it has built a reputation for unmatched reliability in supplying crude oil to energy markets around the world. Five different grades of crude oil are produced: Arabian Heavy, Arabian Medium, Arabian Light, Arabian Extra Light, and Arabian Super Light.

Ras Tanura: Ras Tanura is one of the most important industrial cities in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. It has the largest oil-exporting terminal in the Kingdom and a major oil refinery, which is the oldest in Saudi Arabia.

Origin : Saudi Arabia (Ghawar, Qatif, Haradh, Safaniyah)
Loading Ports : Ras Tanura, Jubail

Bonny Light crude oil (BLCO) is a high-quality crude oil from Nigeria that is in high demand by refiners. It's known for its low sulfur content, which makes it less corrosive and more environmentally friendly.

Characteristics

Paraffins: Contains a high number of branched and straight chain hydrocarbons

API gravity: 32.9, which classifies it as a light oil
Sulfur content: Low, which reduces corrosion and environmental impact
Density: Low specific gravity and high API gravity
Viscosity: Low viscosity due to high fractions of light hydrocarbons

Fuel Oil

Bunker fuel is a type of fuel oil used in marine vessels, while fuel oil is a general term for any fuel oil:

Bunker fuel

A term for any fuel used in a ship, but typically refers to fuel oil used in marine vessels. The term comes from the coal bunkers on steam ships, where coal was stored. Bunker fuel is characterized by its viscosity, boiling points, and carbon-chain lengths. There are three types of bunker fuel: Bunker A, Bunker B, and Bunker C.

Heavy fuel oil (HFO) is a type of bunker fuel that's a remnant of the petroleum distillation and cracking process. HFO is often used in marine vessels because it's relatively inexpensive compared to cleaner fuel sources. However, HFO is contaminated with compounds like sulfur, nitrogen, and aromatics, which makes it more polluting than other fuel oils when combusted. HFO is also highly toxic when exposed to sunlight and dissolved in water.

A growing number of low sulphur fuel oils (LSFOs) are being marketed as a result of new international rules to reduce the sulphur content of ship fuels. This project aims to strengthen the knowledge base on environmental fate and behaviour of LSFO spills in cold seawater. The project includes laboratory experiments to investigate the effectiveness of combating LSFO spills by in-situ burning and chemical dispersion, and the potential for biodegradation. The results indicated that the LSFOs tested had a limited potential of natural and chemical dispersion, were ignitable and that between 20-50% were biodegraded in cold seawater. Overall, the results indicate that the tested LSFOs likely have a high degree of persistence on the sea surface and shoreline even when chemical dispersion or in-situ burning is attempted.

High Sulfur Fuel Oil (HSFO) is the bottom of the oil barrel with the lowest priced oil product now that is the alternative to using marine fuels with such low sulphur content. The HSFO have a maximum sulphur content of 3.5%.